Early-stage periodontal disease (gingivitis) is seldom painful and causes relatively minor symptoms, but untreated can progress to periodontitis, or periodontal disease, a serious chronic infection that destroys the soft tissue and bone that support your teeth, and may eventually cause tooth loss. Periodontitis is usually preventable and treatable. Although factors such as smoking, heredity, medications and chronic medical conditions make you more susceptible to gum disease, the most common cause being poor oral hygiene. Daily brushing and flossing and regular cleanings can greatly reduce your chances of developing periodontitis.